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Compare Saint Martin (2008) - Moldova (2001)
Compare Saint Martin (2008) z Moldova (2001)
| Saint Martin (2008) | Moldova (2001) | |
 |  | |
| Administrative divisions | - | 10 juletule (singular - juletul), 1 municipality*, and 1 autonomous territorial unit**; Balti, Cahul, Chisinau, Chisinau*, Dubasari, Edinet, Gagauzia**, Lapusna, Orhei, Soroca, Tighina, Ungheni |
| Age structure | - | 0-14 years:
22.44% (male 506,303; female 488,311) 15-64 years: 67.62% (male 1,437,492; female 1,559,090) 65 years and over: 9.94% (male 163,473; female 276,901) (2001 est.) |
| Agriculture - products | - | vegetables, fruits, wine, grain, sugar beets, sunflower seed, tobacco; beef, milk |
| Airports | 1 | 30 (2000 est.) |
| Airports - with paved runways | total: 1
914 to 1,523 m: 1 |
total:
7 over 3,047 m: 1 2,438 to 3,047 m: 2 1,524 to 2,437 m: 3 under 914 m: 1 (2000 est.) |
| Airports - with unpaved runways | - | total:
23 2,438 to 3,047 m: 4 1,524 to 2,437 m: 1 914 to 1,523 m: 4 under 914 m: 14 (2000 est.) |
| Area | total: 54.4 sq km
land: 54.4 sq km water: NEGL |
total:
33,843 sq km land: 33,371 sq km water: 472 sq km |
| Area - comparative | more than one-third the size of Washington, DC | slightly larger than Maryland |
| Background | Although sighted by Christopher COLUMBUS in 1493 and claimed for Spain, it was the Dutch who occupied the island in 1631 and set about exploiting its salt deposits. The Spanish retook the island in 1633, but continued to be harassed by the Dutch. The Spanish finally relinquished St. Martin to the French and Dutch, who divided it amongst themselves in 1648. The cultivation of sugar cane introduced slavery to the island in the late 18th century; the practice was not abolished until 1848. The island became a free port in 1939; the tourism industry was dramatically expanded during the 1970s and 1980s. In 2003, the populace of St. Martin voted to secede from Guadeloupe and in 2007, the northern portion of the island became a French overseas collectivity. | Formerly ruled by Romania, Moldova became part of the Soviet Union at the close of World War II. Although independent from the USSR since 1991, Russian forces have remained on Moldovan territory east of the Nistru (Dnister) River supporting the Slavic majority population, mostly Ukrainians and Russians, who have proclaimed a "Transnistria" republic. One of the poorest nations in Europe and plagued by a moribund economy, in 2001 Moldova became the first former Soviet state to elect a communist as its president. |
| Birth rate | - | 13.35 births/1,000 population (2001 est.) |
| Budget | - | revenues:
$536 million expenditures: $594 million, including capital expenditures of $NA (1998 est.) |
| Capital | name: Marigot
geographical coordinates: 18 04 N, 63 05 W time difference: UTC-4 (1 hour behind Washington, DC, during Standard Time) daylight savings: +1 hour |
Chisinau |
| Climate | temperature averages 80-85 degrees all year long; low humidity, gentle trade winds, brief, intense rain showers; July-Novemeber is the hurricane season | moderate winters, warm summers |
| Coastline | 58.9 km (for entire island) | 0 km (landlocked) |
| Constitution | 4 October 1958 (French Constitution) | new constitution adopted 28 July 1994; replaces old Soviet constitution of 1979 |
| Country name | conventional long form: Overseas Collectivity of Saint Martin
conventional short form: Saint Martin local long form: Collectivity d'outre mer de Saint-Martin local short form: Saint-Martin |
conventional long form:
Republic of Moldova conventional short form: Moldova local long form: Republica Moldova local short form: none former: Soviet Socialist Republic of Moldova; Moldavia |
| Currency | - | Moldovan leu (MDL) |
| Death rate | - | 12.6 deaths/1,000 population (2001 est.) |
| Debt - external | - | $900 million (2000) |
| Dependency status | overseas collectivity of France | - |
| Diplomatic representation from the US | none (overseas collectivity of France) | chief of mission:
Ambassador Rudolf Vilem PERINA embassy: Strada Alexei Mateevicie, #103, Chisinau 2009 mailing address: use embassy street address; pouch address - American Embassy Chisinau, Department of State, Washington, DC 20521-7080 telephone: [373] (2) 23-37-72 FAX: [373] (2) 23-30-44 |
| Diplomatic representation in the US | none (overseas collectivity of France) | chief of mission:
Ambassador Ceslav CIOBANU chancery: 2101 S Street NW, Washington, DC 20008 telephone: [1] (202) 667-1130 FAX: [1] (202) 667-1204 |
| Disputes - international | - | separatist Transnistria region, comprising the area between the Nistru (Dniester) River and Ukraine, has its own de facto government, dominated by Moldovan Slavs |
| Economic aid - recipient | - | $100.8 million (1995); note - $547 million from the IMF and World Bank (1992-99) |
| Economy - overview | The economy of Saint Martin centers around tourism with 85% of the labor force engaged in this sector. Over one million visitors come to the island each year with most arriving through the Princess Juliana International Airport in Sint Maarten. No significant agriculture and limited local fishing means that almost all food must be imported. Energy resources and manufactured goods are also imported, primarily from Mexico and the United States. Saint Martin is reported to have the highest per capita income in the Caribbean. | Moldova enjoys a favorable climate and good farmland but has no major mineral deposits. As a result, the economy depends heavily on agriculture, featuring fruits, vegetables, wine, and tobacco. Moldova must import all of its supplies of oil, coal, and natural gas, largely from Russia. Energy shortages contributed to sharp production declines after the breakup of the Soviet Union in 1991. As part of an ambitious reform effort, Moldova introduced a convertible currency, freed all prices, stopped issuing preferential credits to state enterprises, backed steady land privatization, removed export controls, and freed interest rates. Yet these efforts could not offset the impact of political and economic difficulties, both internal and regional. In 1998, the economic troubles of Russia, by far Moldova's leading trade partner, were a major cause of the 8.6% drop in GDP. In 1999, GDP fell again, by 4.4%, the fifth drop in the past seven years; exports were down, and energy supplies continued to be erratic. GDP declined slightly in 2000, with a serious drought hurting agriculture. Growth should turn positive in 2001. |
| Electricity - consumption | - | 5.78 billion kWh (1999) |
| Electricity - exports | - | 0 kWh (1999) |
| Electricity - imports | - | 1.916 billion kWh (1999) |
| Electricity - production | - | 4.155 billion kWh (1999) |
| Electricity - production by source | - | fossil fuel:
93.62% hydro: 6.38% nuclear: 0% other: 0% (1999) |
| Elevation extremes | lowest point: Caribbean Ocean 0 m
highest point: Pic du Paradis 424 m |
lowest point:
Nistru (Dnister) River 2 m highest point: Dealul Balanesti 430 m |
| Environment - current issues | fresh water supply is dependent on desalinization of sea water | heavy use of agricultural chemicals, including banned pesticides such as DDT, has contaminated soil and groundwater; extensive soil erosion from poor farming methods |
| Environment - international agreements | - | party to:
Air Pollution, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification, Hazardous Wastes, Ozone Layer Protection, Wetlands signed, but not ratified: Air Pollution-Persistent Organic Pollutants |
| Ethnic groups | creole (mulatto), black, Guadeloupe Mestizo (French-East Asia), white, East Indian | Moldovan/Romanian 64.5%, Ukrainian 13.8%, Russian 13%, Gagauz 3.5%, Jewish 1.5%, Bulgarian 2%, other 1.7% (1989 est.)
note: internal disputes with ethnic Slavs in the Transnistrian region |
| Exchange rates | euros per US dollar - 0.7345 (2007), 0.7964 (2006), 0.8041 (2005), 0.8054 (2004), 0.886 (2003) | lei per US dollar - 12.3728 (January 2001), 12.4342 (2000), 10.5158 (1999), 5.3707 (1998), 4.6236 (1997), 4.6045 (1996); note - lei is the plural form of leu |
| Executive branch | chief of state: President Nicolas SARKOZY (since 16 May 2007), represented by Prefect Dominique LACROIX (since 21 March 2007)
head of government: President of the Territorial Council Louis-Constant FLEMING (since 16 July 2007) cabinet: Executive Council; note - there is also an advisory economic, social, and cultural council election: French president elected by popular vote to a five-year term; prefect appointed by the French president on the advice of the French Ministry of Interior; president of the Territorial Council is elected by the members of the Council for a five-year term election results: Louis-Constant FLEMING unanimously elected president by the Territorial Council on 16 July 2007 |
chief of state:
President Vladimir VORONIN (since 4 April 2001) head of government: Prime Minister Vasile TARLEV (since 15 April 2001), three Deputy Prime Ministers: Valerian CRISTEA, Andrei CUCU, and Dmitri TODOROGLO (all since 19 April 2001) cabinet: selected by prime minister, subject to approval of Parliament elections: president elected by Parliament for a four-year term; election last held 4 April 2001; presidential elections were scheduled for December 2000, but in July 2000, Parliament canceled direct popular elections; Parliament's failure to chose a new president in December 2000 led to early parliamentary elections (moved up a year to February 2001); according to the Moldovan constitution, the president, on consulting with Parliament, will designate a candidate for the office of prime minister; within 15 days from designation, the prime minister-designate will request a vote of confidence from the Parliament regarding his/her work program and entire cabinet; prime minister designated on 15 April 2001, cabinet received vote of confidence on 19 April 2001 election results: Vladimir VORONIN elected president; parliamentary votes - Vladimir VORONIN 71, Dumitru BRAGHIS 15, Valerian CHRISTEA 3; Vasile TARLEV elected Prime Minister; parliamentary votes of confidence - 75 of 101 |
| Exports | - | $500 million (f.o.b., 2000) |
| Exports - commodities | - | foodstuffs 57%, wine, tobacco; textiles and footwear, machinery (1999) |
| Exports - partners | - | Russia 41%, Romania 9%, Germany 8%, Ukraine 7%, Italy, Belarus (1999) |
| Fiscal year | - | calendar year |
| Flag description | the flag of France is used | same color scheme as Romania - three equal vertical bands of blue (hoist side), yellow, and red; emblem in center of flag is of a Roman eagle of gold outlined in black with a red beak and talons carrying a yellow cross in its beak and a green olive branch in its right talons and a yellow scepter in its left talons; on its breast is a shield divided horizontally red over blue with a stylized ox head, star, rose, and crescent all in black-outlined yellow |
| GDP | - | purchasing power parity - $11.3 billion (2000 est.) |
| GDP - composition by sector | agriculture: 1%
industry: 15% services: 84% (2000) |
agriculture:
31% industry: 35% services: 34% (1998) |
| GDP - per capita | - | purchasing power parity - $2,500 (2000 est.) |
| GDP - real growth rate | - | -1.5% (2000 est.) |
| Geographic coordinates | 18 05 N, 63 57 W | 47 00 N, 29 00 E |
| Geography - note | the island of Saint Martin is the smallest landmass in the World shared by two independent states, the French territory of Saint Martin and the Dutch territory of Sint Maarten | landlocked |
| Highways | - | total:
20,000 km paved: 13,900 km (these roads are said to be hard-surfaced, and include, in addition to conventionally paved roads, some that are surfaced with gravel or other coarse aggregate, making them trafficable in all weather) unpaved: 6,100 km (these roads are made of unstabilized earth and are difficult to negotiate in wet weather) (1990) |
| Household income or consumption by percentage share | - | lowest 10%:
2.7% highest 10%: 25.8% (1992) |
| Illicit drugs | - | limited cultivation of opium poppy and cannabis, mostly for CIS consumption; transshipment point for illicit drugs from Southwest Asia via Central Asia to Russia, Western Europe, and possibly the US |
| Imports | - | $761 million (f.o.b., 2000) |
| Imports - commodities | crude petroleum, food, manufactured items | mineral products and fuel 38%, machinery and equipment, chemicals, textiles (1999) |
| Imports - partners | US, Mexico (2006) | Russia 21%, Romania 16%, Ukraine 14%, Germany 12%, Italy 6%, Belarus (1999) |
| Independence | none (overseas collectivity of France) | 27 August 1991 (from Soviet Union) |
| Industrial production growth rate | - | 3% (2000 est.) |
| Industries | tourism, light industry and manufacturing, heavy industry | food processing, agricultural machinery, foundry equipment, refrigerators and freezers, washing machines, hosiery, sugar, vegetable oil, shoes, textiles |
| Infant mortality rate | - | 42.74 deaths/1,000 live births (2001 est.) |
| Inflation rate (consumer prices) | - | 32% (2000 est.) |
| International organization participation | UPU | ACCT, BIS, BSEC, CCC, CE, CEI, CIS, EAPC, EBRD, ECE, FAO, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICFTU, IDA, IFAD, IFC, ILO, IMF, Intelsat (nonsignatory user), Interpol, IOC, IOM (observer), ISO (correspondent), ITU, OPCW, OSCE, PFP, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTrO (observer) |
| Internet Service Providers (ISPs) | - | 2 (1999) |
| Irrigated land | - | 3,110 sq km (1993 est.) |
| Judicial branch | - | Supreme Court; Constitutional Court (the sole authority for constitutional judicature) |
| Labor force | - | 1.7 million (1998) |
| Labor force - by occupation | 85% directly or indirectly employed in tourist industry | agriculture 40%, industry 14%, other 46% (1998) |
| Land boundaries | total: 15 km
border countries: Netherlands Antilles (Sint Maarten) 15 km |
total:
1,389 km border countries: Romania 450 km, Ukraine 939 km |
| Land use | - | arable land:
53% permanent crops: 14% permanent pastures: 13% forests and woodland: 13% other: 7% (1993 est.) |
| Languages | French (official language), English, Dutch, French Patois, Spanish, Papiamento (dialect of Netherlands Antilles) | Moldovan (official, virtually the same as the Romanian language), Russian, Gagauz (a Turkish dialect) |
| Legal system | the laws of France, where applicable, apply | based on civil law system; Constitutional Court reviews legality of legislative acts and governmental decisions of resolution; it is unclear if Moldova accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction but accepts many UN and Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe (OSCE) documents |
| Legislative branch | unicameral Territorial Council (23 seats; members are elected by popular vote to serve five-year terms)
elections: last held 1 and 8 July 2007 (next to be held July 2012) election results: percent of seats by party - UPP 49%, RRR 42.2%, Reussir Saint-Martin 8.9%; seats by party - UPP 16, RRR 6, Reussir Saint-Martin 1 |
unicameral Parliament or Parlamentul (101 seats; parties and electoral blocs, as well as independent candidates, elected by popular vote to serve four-year terms)
elections: last held 25 February 2001 (next to be held NA 2005) election results: percent of vote by party - PCM 50.1%, Braghis Alliance 13.4%, PPCD 8.2%, other parties 28.3%; seats by party - PCM 71, Braghis Alliance 19, PPCD 11 |
| Life expectancy at birth | - | total population:
64.6 years male: 60.15 years female: 69.26 years (2001 est.) |
| Literacy | - | definition:
age 15 and over can read and write total population: 96% male: 99% female: 94% (1989 est.) |
| Location | island 300 km southeast of Puerto Rico | Eastern Europe, northeast of Romania |
| Map references | Central America and the Caribbean | Commonwealth of Independent States |
| Maritime claims | - | none (landlocked) |
| Military - note | defense is the responsibility of France | - |
| Military branches | - | Ground Forces, Air and Air Defense Forces, Republic Security Forces (internal and border troops) |
| Military expenditures - dollar figure | - | $6 million (FY99) |
| Military expenditures - percent of GDP | - | 1% (FY99) |
| Military manpower - availability | - | males age 15-49:
1,164,018 (2001 est.) |
| Military manpower - fit for military service | - | males age 15-49:
921,210 (2001 est.) |
| Military manpower - military age | - | 18 years of age |
| Military manpower - reaching military age annually | - | males:
42,268 (2001 est.) |
| National holiday | Bastille Day, 14 July (1789); note - local holiday is Schoalcher Day (Slavery Abolition Day) 12 July (1848) | Independence Day, 27 August (1991) |
| Nationality | - | noun:
Moldovan(s) adjective: Moldovan |
| Natural hazards | - | landslides (57 cases in 1998) |
| Natural resources | salt | lignite, phosphorites, gypsum, arable land |
| Net migration rate | - | -0.3 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2001 est.) |
| Pipelines | - | natural gas 310 km (1992) |
| Political parties and leaders | Union Pour le Progres or UPP [Louis Constant FLEMING]; Rassemblement Responsabilite Reussite or RRR [Alain RICHARDSON]; Reussir Saint-Martin [Jean-Luc HAMLET] | Braghis Alliance [Dumitru BRAGHIS]; Popular Christian Democratic Party or PPCD [Iurie ROSCA]; Communist Party or PCM [Vladimir VORONIN, first chairman] |
| Political pressure groups and leaders | - | NA |
| Population | 33,102 (October 2004 census) | 4,431,570 (July 2001 est.) |
| Population below poverty line | - | 75% (1999 est.) |
| Population growth rate | - | 0.05% (2001 est.) |
| Ports and harbors | - | none |
| Radio broadcast stations | FM 3 (2007) | AM 7, FM 50, shortwave 3 (1998) |
| Radios | - | 3.22 million (1997) |
| Railways | - | total:
1,328 km broad gauge: 1,328 km 1.520-m gauge (1992) |
| Religions | Roman Catholic, Jehovah's Witness, Protestant, Hindu | Eastern Orthodox 98.5%, Jewish 1.5%, Baptist (only about 1,000 members) (1991) |
| Sex ratio | - | at birth:
1.05 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1.04 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 0.92 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.59 male(s)/female total population: 0.91 male(s)/female (2001 est.) |
| Suffrage | 18 years of age, universal | 18 years of age; universal |
| Telephone system | general assessment: fully integrated access
domestic: direct dial capability with both fixed and wireless systems international: country code - 590; undersea fiber-optic cable provides voice and data connectivity to Puerto Rico and Gudaloupe |
general assessment:
inadequate, outmoded, poor service outside Chisinau, some effort to modernize is under way domestic: new subscribers face long wait for service; mobile cellular telephone service being introduced international: service through Romania and Russia via landline; satellite earth stations - Intelsat, Eutelsat, and Intersputnik |
| Telephones - main lines in use | - | 627,000 (1997) |
| Telephones - mobile cellular | - | 2,200 (1997) |
| Television broadcast stations | - | 1 (plus 30 repeaters) (1995) |
| Terrain | - | rolling steppe, gradual slope south to Black Sea |
| Total fertility rate | - | 1.67 children born/woman (2001 est.) |
| Transportation - note | nearest airport for international flights is Princess Juliana International Airport (SXM) located in Sint Maarten | - |
| Unemployment rate | - | 1.9% (includes only officially registered unemployed; large numbers of underemployed workers) (November 2000) |
| Waterways | - | 424 km (1994) |
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